Climate Justice in International Human Rights Law

Abstract

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing the world in the 21st century. Its impacts transcend geographical borders, directly impacting fundamental human rights, such as the rights to life, health, housing, and food. In light of the worsening climate crisis, the concept of climate justice has emerged as a legal and ethical framework that seeks to achieve a fair distribution of climate burdens and benefits among different countries and communities, with a focus on protecting those most affected by the effects of climate change.

International human rights law is a fundamental pillar of achieving climate justice. International agreements impose obligations on states to reduce harmful emissions, promote adaptation and mitigation policies, and ensure fair compensation for affected countries and communities. However, legal gaps remain that hinder the effective implementation of these obligations, calling for the development of more equitable legal mechanisms to ensure a balance between sustainable development and the protection of human rights in the context of climate change.

This research aims to examine the concept of climate justice within the framework of international human rights law by analysing the basic principles governing this relationship and assessing the commitment of major states and international bodies to implementing fair and equitable policies to address climate challenges. The research will also highlight key relevant international agreements, such as the Paris Climate Agreement and the UN Declaration on Human Rights and the Environment, while providing recommendations to enhance the integration of climate justice and human rights protection at the international level.